Wednesday, May 20, 2020
Evaluation Plan For Disease Control And Prevention
Evaluation Plan Name Institution Table of Contents Table of Contents 2 Executive Summary 3 Stakeholders 4 Description 5 Logic Model 6 Evaluation Design 7 Gathering Evidence and Justifications 8 Use of Findings 8 References 9 Camhi, S. M., Evans, E. W., Hayman, L. L., Lichtenstein, A. H., Must, A. (2015). Healthy eating index and metabolically healthy obesity in US adolescents and adults. Preventive medicine, 77, 23-27. 9 CDC. (2013). Community Profile: Nashville/Davidson County, Tennessee. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dch/programs/communitiesputtingpreventiontowork/comm unities/profiles/obesity-tn_nashville-davidson-county.htm 9 Executive Summary Obesity is a serious problem in Nashville Tennessee with over†¦show more content†¦Finally, the findings will be combined into a report that will be forwarded to the different stakeholders. This evaluation plan begins by identifying the stakeholder involved in the program. They involve CDC, local government, and the population. The second segment contains a detailed description of the program and the methods used to implement it. The third segment outlines the logic model used to implement the CPPW program. The fourth segment is the evaluation design followed by evidence gathering. The last segment outlines how the findings will be communicated and used. Stakeholders The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the primary stakeholder in the Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) program at Nashville, Tennessee. CDC provided funds in 2010 directed towards communities in Davidson County aimed at helping the society fight obesity and tobacco use since they are the leading causes of preventable deaths and disability. The other stakeholders is the Board of Health Metropolitan Government that was responsible for overseeing the implementation process and selected a School Nutrition Advisory Committee to facilitate the increment of healthy foods in schools. The local government also started a street evaluation plan to make them for all users. This would encourage the people to engage in physical exercises such as running. On the other hand, a leadership team comprising high-level leaders from various sectors was
Monday, May 18, 2020
Types of Scales in Social Science Research
A scale is a type of composite measure that is composed of several items that have a logical or empirical structure among them. That is, scales make use of differences in intensity among the indicators of a variable. For example, when a question has the response choices of always, sometimes, rarely, and never, this represents a scale because the answer choices are rank-ordered and have differences in intensity. Another example would be strongly agree, agree, neither agree nor disagree, disagree, strongly disagree. There are several different types of scales. We’ll look at four commonly used scales in social science research and how they are constructed. Likert Scale Likert scales are one of the most commonly used scales in social science research. They offer a simple rating system that is common to surveys of all kinds. The scale is named for the psychologist who created it, Rensis Likert. One common use of the Likert scale is a survey that asks respondents to offer their opinion on something by stating the level to which they agree or disagree. It often looks like this: Strongly agreeAgreeNeither agree nor disagreeDisagreeStrongly disagree Within the scale, the individual items that compose it are called Likert items. To create the scale, each answer choice is assigned a score (for instance, 0-4), and the answers for several Likert items (that measure the same concept) can be added together for each individual to obtain an overall Likert score. For example, let’s say that were interested in measuring prejudice against women. One method would be to create a series of statements reflecting prejudiced ideas, each with the Likert response categories listed above. For example, some of the statements might be, Women shouldn’t be allowed to vote, or Women can’t drive as well as men. We would then assign each of the response categories a score of 0 to 4 (for example, assign a score of 0 to strongly disagree, a 1 to disagree, a 2 to neither agree or disagree, etc.). The scores for each of the statements would then be totaled for each respondent to create an overall score of prejudice. If we had five statements and a respondent answered strongly agree to each item, his or her overall prejudice score would be 20, indicating a very high degree of prejudice against women. Bogardus Social Distance Scale The Bogardus social distance scale was created by sociologist Emory S. Bogardus as a technique for measuring the willingness of people to participate in social relations with other kinds of people. (Incidentally, Bogardus established one of the first departments of sociology on American soil at the University of Southern California in 1915.) Quite simply, the scale invites people to state the degree to which they are accepting of other groups. Let’s say we are interested in the extent to which Christians in the U.S. are willing to associate with Muslims. We might ask the following questions: Are you willing to live in the same country as Muslims?Are you willing to live in the same community as Muslims?Are you willing to live in the same neighborhood as Muslims?Are you willing to live next door to a Muslim?Are you willing to let your son or daughter marry a Muslim? The clear differences in intensity suggest a structure among the items. Presumably, if a person is willing to accept a certain association, he is willing to accept all those that precede it on the list (those with lesser intensities), though this is not necessarily the case as some critics of this scale point out. Each item on the scale is scored to reflect the level of social distance, from 1.00 as a measure of no social distance (which would apply to question 5 in the above survey), to 5.00 measuring maximize social distance in the given scale (though the level of social distance could be higher on other scales). When the ratings for each response are averaged, a lower score indicates a greater level of acceptance than does a higher score. Thurstone Scale The Thurstone scale, created by Louis Thurstone, is intended to develop a format for generating groups of indicators of a variable that have an empirical structure among them. For example, if you were studying discrimination, you would create a list of items (10, for example) and then ask respondents to assign scores of 1 to 10 to each item. In essence, respondents are ranking the items in order of the weakest indicator of discrimination all the way to the strongest indicator. Once the respondents have scored the items, the researcher examines the scores assigned to each item by all the respondents to determine which items the respondents agreed upon most. If the scale items were adequately developed and scored, the economy and effectiveness of data reduction present in the Bogardus social distance scale would appear. Semantic Differential Scale The semantic differential scale asks respondents to answer a questionnaire and choose between two opposite positions, using qualifiers to bridge the gap between them. For instance, suppose you wanted to get respondents’ opinions about a new comedy television show. Youd first decide what dimensions to measure and then find two opposite terms that represent those dimensions. For example, enjoyable and unenjoyable, funny and not funny, relatable and not relatable. You would then create a rating sheet for respondents to indicate how they feel about the television show in each dimension. Your questionnaire would look something like this:                 Very Much     Somewhat     Neither     Somewhat     Very MuchEnjoyable                             X                                                                     UnenjoyableFunny                                                                                             X          Not FunnyRelatable                                                 X                                                  Unrelatable
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Young Women s Perspectives On Positive Body Image And...
The purpose of this essay is to critically review Ludlow (2015) study which was conducted to explore young women’s perspectives on positive body image and overall wellbeing. The background of the study will give an insight on the objective of the research which focused on the issue of body image dissatisfaction influenced through social media and peers in order to look like the ideal thin. The appropriateness, limitations and strengths of the methodology used will also be highlighted as to how efficient this method was in order to support the research question and the research objective. Evaluation of ethical consideration based on ethical research principles, the summary on the justification of the research findings and the context of the†¦show more content†¦It also depends on the attitude of the individuals that in what way they perceive the information and utilise it within their everyday lifestyle. The research was mainly done to target the audience of social wor kers and professionals in New Zealand because â€Å"social workers are identified as competent practitioners and are able to promote better physical and mental wellbeing during lifespan development†(Ludlow, 2015). Method The strength of the individual interview conducted in the qualitative research method allows the participants to get in depth of the topic to recall and reflect on the memories which associate with their past experiences together with the participants personal perspectives on the current research topic (Liamputtong, 2013). The qualitative method used helped with the objective of the research to highlight the contributors and barriers in order to accomplish positive body image and wellbeing. For example, one of the barriers to reaching the positive body image was the families of the young women who pressurised them to be the ideal thin since the age of adolescence. Topics like body imaging can have extreme level of emotions and sentiments related to it because body image is normally presented as a subjective, a biased topic rather than an unbiased, objective matter so the researcher needs to be very patient with the participants while conducting the interview (Smith Osborn, 2003).Sho w MoreRelatedRepresentation Of The Body Image And The Mass Media Essay3221 Words  | 13 PagesREPRESENTATION OF HOW MEDIA PROMOTE EXCERSISE IN NEW ZEALAND MEDIA AND HOW IT AFFECTS FEMALES Female Body Image and the Mass Media: Perspectives on How Women Internalize the Ideal Beauty Standard Representation of women in the media can change the way that the people of New Zealander’s think of themselves. Media has a powerful ability to reach many people and to influence and direct attitudes of our country’s behaviours and knowledge. 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Wells Fargo Consumer Banking Service †MyAssignmenthelp.com
Question: Discuss about the Wells Fargo Consumer Banking Service. Answer: Wells Fargo Consumer Banking Service Wells Fargo is a multinational community-based company offering diversified financial services. As the largest bank in the world by market capitalization, Wells Fargo needs to shift focus on emerging market trends. Part 1 of this discussion seeks toexplain the Integrated Marketing Communications and the Changing Media Landscape while part 2 covers Special Topics in Marketing. Integrated Marketing Communications With new opportunities, tools and insights emerging in the 21st century, marketing strategies are also changing by becoming more integrated( Smith Taylor, 2004). Integrated marketing communications (IMC) is simply making all communication consistent with one core strategy and message (Fair Style, 2001). This strategyis based around a Big Idea,' which is a recurring idea that identifies with your product. In the case of Wells Fargo, an IMC campaign dubbed, Building better every day will aim to cement the companys position in the market. The campaign is mostly directed towards millennials in the USA through digital and mobile marketing channels. The strategy is expected to reflect the companys effort to help its customers attain their financial goals through innovative products and services offered. Marketing Communications Objectives Reach out to as many target consumers as possible through easily accessibleproducts and offers. Encourage consumers to subscribe to our various digital and mobile product channels. Maintain the new and existing customers and earn their trust. Promotion Mix Through the social media, one person can relay information about a product and company to hundreds of other people. This recent development brings a new approach to constructing a production mix. Companies should, therefore, find the perfect mix of both traditional and digital tools (Mangold Faulds, 2009).Before selling a product, it is prudent that you first find out what the customer needs. To reach out to as many target clients as possible, Wells Fargo will employ a promotion mix consisting of personal selling, social media, websites, and advertisements. Personal selling will mostly be through representatives in the various Wells Fargo branches. The company through the hashtag #WeAreBetterTogether will invite its social media fans to share the companys drive. Wells Fargo aims to attract customers through various public relations and publicity strategies coupled with rigorous advertising in both traditional media and modern digital media outlets. Furthermore, a promotion mix that portrays trust,commitment and care will be employed so as to maintain the new base of millennial customers as well as the already existing customer base. This will include advertisements reinforcing their brand image and slogan. Through technology, Wells Fargo is committed to providingeasy processes and smooth customer experiences. Media Strategy Wells Fargo will set up a media strategy mainly composed of digital media outlets and conventional print media and television outlets to tap into the banking services market.The company will launch television ads tailored to be diversified in terms language while also portrayingsecurity, innovation and community support themes. The commercials will mainlyrun on high profile programs such as CBS Evening News, ABC World News, and Sunday morning talk shows in order to reach its target market ofeducated urban workers and millennials. Social media has evolved into a means through which users seek news, share their dreams, ask for service and make shopping decisions while interacting with a network of peers. Companies can, therefore, monitor a consumersbehavior towards their products. It is for this reason that Wells Fargo aims to use social networking to link with customers and portray a friendly digital face. Through a virtual world named the Stagecoach Island,' the banker can educate teenagers onfinancial matters in an interactive manner through games and other social activities ( Hemp, 2006). I addition to this initiative, Wells Fargo will enhance their trust campaign through a website dedicated to real life grassroots stories of how the company has helped change the lives of people. Wells Fargo will also employ a social media strategy concentrating on visual advertisements and messagessuch as twitter feeds focused on providing financial tips and customer service. B2B Marketing The stakes and expectations of corporates from marketing are increasing. Firms are therefore using competitive avenues like social media to position themselves and build relationships with stakeholders ( Brennan Croft, 2012). In terms of Business-to-Business offerings, the company will offer facilitative services to other businessessuch as banking, insurance, and investment advice. Wells Fargo will reach out to these companies by building relationships through rigorous marketing strategies. Wells Fargo aims to market its services to producers. This is because producers usually require huge amounts of initial capital and a stable cash flow to function efficiently. The bank may also target institutions such as learning institutions, hospitals, non-profitorganizations, and clubs. These institutions require financial services such as insurance and fund management. Segmenting B2B Markets Behavioural and need-based segments are fewer in B2B markets as compared to B2C markets. B2B segments include a price-focused, brand-focused, service-focused and partnership-focused segments. Wells Fargo falls under the partnership-focused segment due to the strategic importance of its facilitating service offering. Being a financial services provider, Wells Fargo must build trust with other businesses and prove to be a reliable partner. Marketing Information Systems Marketing Information Systems (MIS)are means through which information needed for decision making is managed. The view of businesses in regard to MIS is rapidly changing due to changes in consumer behavior and Internet-enabled competition ( Harmon, 2003). Wells Fargo will use information from the internet/search engines, industry experts, and customers. With a keen interest in emerging digital trends exhibitedbymillennials, information from websites and social media is crucial for strategic decision making. The company can monitor the comments and opinion of people on social networks like facebook and twitter. Information on competitors or blog post analyzing the company can also be obtained from the internet. The second MIS information source is from industry publications and expert opinion. This method provides critically examined information from individuals with extensive knowledge and experience in the banking services industry. Furthermore, industry experts have ground knowledge of current trends and the reason behind them. It is therefore important to form connections with such individuals. Industry-related publications include The Economist, Forbes, BusinessWeekly, The Wall Street Journal among others. The final and probably the most important source of information that Wells Fargo will utilize is from its customer base. Any good product should be customer focused. Their behavior is crucial for strategic decision making. Marketing Metrics In order to monitor the strategic marketing efforts, Wells Fargo will employ Return on Marketing Investment (ROMI) as a financial metric. This financial measure compares marketing expenditures to the returns gained from these expenditures. The company will use this method in order to determine whether the marketing efforts have financial impacts. Wells Fargo expects a ROMI of 10% from its marketing strategies. The strategic marketing plan can be alternatively be measured using performance metrics. Wells Fargo will use customer service, social media, and advertising performance metrics. Customer service performance will be used to determine the customersopinion and product satisfaction. The company will use social media performance measures such as the number of followers and web traffic to determine the market enthusiasm for its products. The final performance metric will be advertising whereby Wells Fargo will be able to measure the impact of advertisements on their customer base such as the resulting number of new accounts opened. Conclusion In conclusion, Wells Fargo through its Building better every day IMC campaign, aims to attract millennials in the US markey by promising them innovative and reliable financial services. To achieve this, the company has employed digital and mobile marketing strategies. References Brennan, R., Croft, R. (2012). Social media use in B2B marketing and branding.Journal of Customer Behaviour,11(2), 101-115. Fair, V., Style, I. (2001). Integrated marketing communications. Harmon, R. (2003). Marketing information systems.Encyclopedia of information systems,3(1), 137-151. Hemp, P. (2006). Avatar-based marketing.Harvard business review,84(6), 48-57. Mangold, W. G., Faulds, D. J. (2009). Social media: The new hybrid element of the promotion mix.Business horizons,52(4), 357-365. Smith, P. R., Taylor, J. (2004).Marketing communications: an integrated approach. Kogan Page Publishers.
1998 Ap Ushistory Dbq free essay sample
On the contrary, the Democratic-Republicans favored the protection of states’ rights and the strict containment of federal power. The Democratic-Republicans were strict constructionists and they believed only in the enumerated powers of the Constitution. Up until 1800, these descriptions of the two political parties were very accurate. However during the period of 1801-1817, the Jefferson and Madison’s presidencies reveal that these characterizations were accurate only to a certain extent. These characterizations became inaccurate when Jefferson, Madison, and Monroe stepped up in power as president and were forced to compromise their political views for the benefit of the country in the face of war, economic pressure, and threats to the Union. In the beginning of Jefferson ‘s first term as president, Jefferson made it clear that he would do anything to uphold the Republican principles he held dear in his heart. Jefferson believed that the preservation of the Constitution was essential if Americans wanted to live in a â€Å"harmonious and solid country†(Doc. A). He believed that part of the preservation of the Constitution included keeping the power within the states, making sure they were independent. This meant that the government had no business meddling with state issues such as religious institutions, doctrines, discipline or exercises (Doc. B). The one of the very few things the federal government was allowed to regulate in states was commerce with foreign nations and the power of taxation. However there was a very distinct line that was drawn between regulating commerce and completely cutting off commerce with foreign nations when Jefferson passed the Embargo Act of 1807 (Doc. C). This Act completely cut off commerce with foreign nations until the British and the French repealed their trading restrictions on neutral shippers. As a result the American export trade and its profits dried up. Many people deemed this Act unconstitutional; the constitution only grants congress the power to regulate commerce, it does not however state that they have the power to completely cut it off. This by itself contradicts everything Jefferson stood up for. Albert Gallatin, one of the best financial minds in the Republican Party, convinced Jefferson that the Bank of the U. S. was essential for financial stability. Although the creation of the Bank of the U. S. reduced the nation’s debt from 83 million in 1800 to 57 million by 1809 , the creation in its self shows a great deal of broad constructionism. Although the bank was a reasonable means of carrying out powers related to taxation and the borrowing of funds, nowhere in the constitution does it state that congress has the power to charter a bank. John Randolph, a Republican congressman from Virginia, claimed that â€Å"this government (Jeffersonian) created and gave power to congress to regulate commerce and equalize duties in the whole of the U. S, and not to lay a duty but with a steady eye to revenue†. What John Randolph was trying to say was that the Jeffersonian Republicans lost their view on strict constructionism, that they were interpreting the law in whichever way pleased them the most. Towards the end of Jefferson’s presidency and especially after, he and the Jeffersonian Republicans came to realize that although they were â€Å"not an advocate for frequent and untried changes in laws and constitutions†(Doc. G) there came a point when change is needed, a constitution that defined a nation many years ago cannot define a nation that has advanced in so many aspects, it would only hold the nation back. When Jefferson left office, James Madison was left with a divided party, a revived Federalism and an unresolved crisis in foreign affairs. For the most part, the Federalists during Madison’s time only used their view on broad constructionism when it was accommodating them. For example when the Hamilton institution tried to pass a conscription bill during America’s first great war, Daniel Webster, a federalist from New Hampshire claimed that it was unconstitutional and that nowhere in the constitution does it state that Congress had the right to enact a law enforcing a draft of men out of the militia and into the regular army (Doc. D). The constitution stated that men are entitled to aid the militia of the states. The aid of the militia were stated as the right – â€Å"to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or execute the laws†however Federalists believed that Congress had the right to interpret the Constitution based on connotation; making Madison’s bill not unconstitutional, based on Federalist belief. When the Internal Improvement Bill was vetoed by Madison in 1817, everyone was in utter shock. Although he agreed with the bill’s objectives; he was convinced that the Constitution did not permit federal financing of primarily local projects. He also believed that â€Å"such a power is not expressly given by the Constitution†which shows that he also followed strict constructionist beliefs, when necessary. However, John Marshall, the chief justice of the court, also a Federalist used broad constructionism in almost all his cases. In one of the more famous trials, Marbury vs. Madison (1803), he declared that the first Congress, in 1789, had behaved unconstitutionally in attempting, in Section 13 of the First Judiciary Act, to enlarge the Supreme Court’s powers beyond constitutional limits by authorizing the Court, as a trial court, to entertain suits for mandamus against public officials. He used his broad constructionist view to be able to deem Marbury’s appointment as an officer of the court unconstitutional. During the period of 1801-1817, the Jefferson and Madison’s presidencies reveal that the Federalists and Jefferson Republicans could not be characterized by one belief. The Jefferson republicans were characterized as strict constructionists and the Federalists were considered to be broad constructionists, these characterizations only hold true to a certain extent because throughout history neither party stuck to their beliefs the whole way through.
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